# Getting Started

#### Steven M. Mortimer

#### 2020-08-16

## Authentication

First, load the {salesforcer} package and log in. There are two ways to authenticate:

1. OAuth 2.0
2. Basic Username-Password

NOTE: Beginning February 1st, 2022, Salesforce will be requiring customers to enable multi-factor authentication, which means that basic authentication using password and security token will no longer work. The function `sf_auth()` will return the error message:

    INVALID_LOGIN: Invalid username, password, security token; or user locked out.

Also, it is a best practice to use OAuth 2.0 so that passwords do not have to be embedded within scripts. OAuth 2.0 credentials are stored locally in a cached file titled `.httr-oauth-salesforcer` in the current working directory. The package will automatically refresh this cached token when it expires so you will not have to call `sf_auth()` during every R session if the `.httr-oauth-salesforcer` file is present in the working directory.

    library(dplyr, warn.conflicts = FALSE)
    library(salesforcer)
    sf_auth()

Setting up your own Connected App for OAuth

Just a note, that it’s not necessary to setup your own Connected App in Salesforce to use OAuth 2.0 authentication. The only difference is that the authentication will be run through the client created and associated with the {salesforcer} package. By using the package client, you will NOT be giving access to Salesforce to anyone, the package is just the medium for you to connect to your own data. If you wanted more control you would specify those options like so:

    options(salesforcer.consumer_key = "012345678901-99thisisatest99connected33app22key")
    options(salesforcer.consumer_secret = "Th1s1sMyConsumerS3cr3t")

    sf_auth()

Using a proxy connection

If you are required to connect to Salesforce via proxy you are able to specify all of those parameters as options, as well. For each call via httr these proxy settings will be passed along with the Salesforce authentication.

    options(salesforcer.proxy_url = "64.251.21.73") # IP or a named domain
    options(salesforcer.proxy_port = 8080)
    options(salesforcer.proxy_username = "user")
    options(salesforcer.proxy_password = "pass")
    options(salesforcer.proxy_auth = "ntlm")

    sf_auth()

After logging in with `sf_auth()`, you can check your connectivity by looking at the information returned about the current user. It should be information about you!

    # pull down information of person logged in
    # it's a simple easy call to get started
    # and confirm a connection to the APIs
    user_info <- sf_user_info()
    sprintf("Organization Id: %s", user_info$organizationId)
    #> [1] "Organization Id: 00D6A0000003dN3UAI"
    sprintf("User Id: %s", user_info$userId)
    #> [1] "User Id: 0056A000000MPRjQAO"

## Creating records

Salesforce has objects and those objects contain records. One default object is the “Contact” object. This example shows how to create two records in the Contact object.

    n <- 2
    new_contacts <- tibble(FirstName = rep("Test", n),
                           LastName = paste0("Contact-Create-", 1:n))
    created_records <- sf_create(new_contacts, "Contact")
    created_records
    #> # A tibble: 2 × 2
    #>   id                 success
    #>   <chr>              <lgl>
    #> 1 0033s00001BXetGAAT TRUE
    #> 2 0033s00001BXetHAAT TRUE

## Retrieving records

Retrieve pulls down a specific set of records and fields. It’s very similar to running a query, but doesn’t use SOQL. Here is an example where we retrieve the data we just created.

    retrieved_records <- sf_retrieve(ids=created_records$id,
                                     fields=c("FirstName", "LastName"),
                                     object_name="Contact")
    retrieved_records
    #> # A tibble: 2 × 4
    #>   sObject Id                 FirstName LastName
    #>   <chr>   <chr>              <chr>     <chr>
    #> 1 Contact 0033s00001BXetGAAT Test      Contact-Create-1
    #> 2 Contact 0033s00001BXetHAAT Test      Contact-Create-2

## Querying records

Salesforce has proprietary form of SQL called SOQL (Salesforce Object Query Language). SOQL is a powerful tool that allows you to return the fields of records in almost any object in Salesforce including Accounts, Contacts, Tasks, Opportunities, even Attachments! Below is an example where we grab the data we just created including Account object information for which the Contact record is associated with.

    my_soql <- sprintf("SELECT Id,
                               Account.Name,
                               FirstName,
                               LastName
                        FROM Contact
                        WHERE Id in ('%s')",
                       paste0(created_records$id , collapse="','"))

    queried_records <- sf_query(my_soql)
    queried_records
    #> # A tibble: 2 × 3
    #>   Id                 FirstName LastName
    #>   <chr>              <chr>     <chr>
    #> 1 0033s00001BXetGAAT Test      Contact-Create-1
    #> 2 0033s00001BXetHAAT Test      Contact-Create-2

NOTE: In the example above, you’ll notice that the `"Account.Name"` column does not appear in the results. This is because the SOAP and REST APIs only return an empty Account object for the record if there is no relationship to an account ( see #78). There is no reliable way to extract and rebuild the empty columns based on the query string. If there were Account information, an additional column titled `"Account.Name"` would appear in the results. Note, that the Bulk 1.0 and Bulk 2.0 APIs will return `"Account.Name"` as a column of all `NA` values for this query because they return results differently.

## Updating records

After creating records you can update them using `sf_update()`. Updating a record requires you to pass the Salesforce `Id` of the record. Salesforce creates a unique 18-character identifier on each record and uses that to know which record to attach the update information you provide. Simply include a field or column in your update dataset called “Id” and the information will be matched. Here is an example where we update each of the records we created earlier with a new first name called “TestTest”.

    # Update some of those records
    queried_records <- queried_records %>%
      mutate(FirstName = "TestTest")

    updated_records <- sf_update(queried_records, object_name="Contact")
    updated_records
    #> # A tibble: 2 × 2
    #>   id                 success
    #>   <chr>              <lgl>
    #> 1 0033s00001BXetGAAT TRUE
    #> 2 0033s00001BXetHAAT TRUE

## Deleting records

You can also delete records in Salesforce. The method implements a “soft” delete meaning that the deleted records go to the Recycle Bin which can be emptied or queried against later in the event that the record needed.

    deleted_records <- sf_delete(updated_records$id)
    deleted_records
    #> # A tibble: 2 × 2
    #>   id                 success
    #>   <chr>              <lgl>
    #> 1 0033s00001BXetGAAT TRUE
    #> 2 0033s00001BXetHAAT TRUE

## Upserting records

Finally, Salesforce has a unique method called “upsert” that allows you to create and/or update records at the same time. More specifically, if the record is not found based an an “External Id” field, then Salesforce will create the record instead of updating one. Below is an example where we create 2 records, then upsert 3, where 2 are matched and updated and one is created. NOTE: You will need to create a custom field on the target object and ensure it is labeled as an “External Id” field. Read more at: https://blog.jeffdouglas.com/2010/05/07/using-exernal-id-fields-in-salesforce/.

    n <- 2
    new_contacts <- tibble(FirstName = rep("Test", n),
                           LastName = paste0("Contact-Create-", 1:n),
                           My_External_Id__c=letters[1:n])
    created_records <- sf_create(new_contacts, "Contact")

    upserted_contacts <- tibble(FirstName = rep("Test", n),
                                LastName = paste0("Contact-Upsert-", 1:n),
                                My_External_Id__c=letters[1:n])
    new_record <- tibble(FirstName = "Test",
                         LastName = paste0("Contact-Upsert-", n+1),
                         My_External_Id__c=letters[n+1])
    upserted_contacts <- bind_rows(upserted_contacts, new_record)

    upserted_records <- sf_upsert(input_data=upserted_contacts,
                                  object_name="Contact",
                                  external_id_fieldname="My_External_Id__c")
    upserted_records
    #> # A tibble: 3 × 3
    #>   id                 success created
    #>   <chr>              <lgl>   <lgl>
    #> 1 0033s00001BXdbvAAD TRUE    FALSE
    #> 2 0033s00001BXdbwAAD TRUE    FALSE
    #> 3 0033s00001BXenmAAD TRUE    TRUE

## Check out the Tests

The {salesforcer} package has quite a bit of unit test coverage to track any changes made between newly released versions of the Salesforce API (typically 4 each year). These tests are an excellent source of examples because they cover most all cases of utilizing the package functions. You can access them here: https://github.com/StevenMMortimer/salesforcer/tree/main/tests/testthat/